O‘PKA SARATONINING MORFOLOGIK XUSUSIYATLARI VA METASTAZLANISH YO‘LLARI
Keywords:
lung cancer, morphology, pathological anatomy, histology, malignant tumor, metastasis, invasion, lymphatic spread, hematogenous spread, tumor progression.Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases and
remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its development is
associated with complex pathological processes that lead to structural and functional
changes in the lung tissue. This article examines the morphological characteristics of
lung cancer, including macroscopic and microscopic changes in the affected tissues.
Particular attention is paid to the histological features of the main types of lung cancer,
the relationship between tumor structure and its biological behavior, and the
mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis. The main routes of metastasis,
including lymphatic and hematogenous spread, are also considered. Understanding the
morphological features of lung cancer is important for accurate diagnosis, assessment
of tumor progression, determination of prognosis, and selection of appropriate
treatment strategies. The study of pathological changes at the tissue and cellular levels
contributes to a better understanding of the development and progression of lung
cancer.
References
1. Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Aster J.C. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of
Disease. 10th ed. – Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2020.
2. Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Aster J.C. Robbins Basic Pathology. 11th ed. –
Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2023.
3. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Thoracic Tumours. 5th ed. – Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2021.
4. Travis W.D., Brambilla E., Nicholson A.G. et al. The 2015 World Health
Organization Classification of Lung Tumors. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2015.
5. Travis W.D., Brambilla E., Burke A.P. et al. WHO Classification of Tumours
of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. 4th ed. – Lyon: IARC, 2015.
6. Jameson J.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L. et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal
Medicine. 21st ed. – New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2022.
7. Goldstraw P., Chansky K., Crowley J. et al. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging
Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming
Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2016.
8. National Cancer Institute. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. –
National Institutes of Health.
9. American Cancer Society. Lung Cancer: Types, Symptoms, and Diagnosis.
10. World Health Organization. Lung cancer. – Geneva: World Health
Organization.
