GEMOLITIK ANEMIYA
Keywords:
Kalit soʻzlari: gemolitik anemiya, eritrotsitlar, gemoliz, gemoglobin, anemiya, bilirubin, retikulotsitlar, sariqlik, eritrotsitlar parchalanishi, gematologiya, autoimmun gemoliz, kumbs testi, taloq kattalashishi, laborator diagnostika, davolash tamoyillariAbstract
Annotasiya: Gemolitik anemiya — eritrotsitlarning me’yordan ortiq parchalanishi natijasida yuzaga keladigan qon kasalligidir. Ushbu kasallikda eritrotsitlarning yashash muddati qisqaradi va ularning parchalanishi kuchayadi. Natijada organizmda gemoglobin miqdori kamayib, to‘qimalarga kislorod yetkazib berish jarayoni buziladi. Gemolitik anemiya tug‘ma yoki orttirilgan sabablarga ko‘ra rivojlanishi mumkin. Tug‘ma shakllari eritrotsitlar membranasi, fermentlari yoki gemoglobin tuzilishidagi nuqsonlar bilan bog‘liq. Orttirilgan shakllari esa immunologik reaksiyalar, ayrim dori vositalari, infeksiyalar va boshqa omillar ta’sirida yuzaga keladi. Kasallikning asosiy belgilariga holsizlik, teri va shilliq qavatlarning oqarishi, sariqlik hamda yurak urishining tezlashishi kiradi. Ayrim bemorlarda taloq kattalashishi va siydik rangining to‘qlashishi kuzatilishi mumkin. Gemolitik anemiyaning rivojlanish mexanizmini o‘rganish kasallikni to‘g‘ri tashxislashda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Tashxis qo‘yishda umumiy qon tahlili, retikulotsitlar miqdori, bilirubin darajasi va boshqa laborator tekshiruvlardan foydalaniladi. Zarur hollarda Kumbs testi ham o‘tkaziladi. Davolash kasallikning kelib chiqish sababi, turi va og‘irlik darajasiga qarab belgilanadi. O‘z vaqtida aniqlash asoratlarning oldini olishga yordam beradi. Ushbu mavzuni o‘rganish gemolitik anemiyaning etiologiyasi, patogenezi, klinik belgilari, diagnostikasi va davolash tamoyillarini chuqur tushunishga xizmat qiladi.
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