THE HIDDEN ENEMY: MECHANISMS OF CANCER DEVELOPMENT
Keywords:
Keywords: cancer, carcinogenesis, mutations, apoptosis, neoangiogenesis, metastasis, immune surveillance.Abstract
Abstract: Malignant neoplasms represent one of the global medical and social problems of modern times, occupying leading positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality. This article is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of the pathogenesis and fundamental mechanisms of cancer development. The paper reviews the key stages of carcinogenesis, the role of mutations in regulatory genes, cell cycle disruptions, and apoptosis. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of neoangiogenesis formation, tumor evasion from immune surveillance, and metastasis processes. Modern concepts of molecular triggers of tumor growth are presented, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the nature of this formidable disease. The article will be useful for physicians of various specialties, medical university students, and researchers dealing with oncology problems.
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