PM2.5 VA TAMAKI TUTUNINING SURUNKALI INGALYATSION TA’SIRIDA BOSH MIYA PO‘STLOG‘IDAGI MORFOLOGIK O‘ZGARISHLAR
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: PM2.5, tamaki tutuni, surunkali inhalyatsiya, bosh miya po‘stlog‘i, neyron, neyroinflammasiya, oksidlovchi stress, gliya, mikrosirkulyatsiya, morfologik o‘zgarishlar.Abstract
Atmosfera havosining mayda dispers zarrachalar, ayniqsa PM2.5 bilan
ifloslanishi hamda tamaki tutunining surunkali inhalyatsion ta’siri inson salomatligi
uchun muhim ekologik va toksikologik xavf omillaridan hisoblanadi. PM2.5
zarrachalari juda kichik aerodinamik diametrga ega bo‘lib, nafas yo‘llarining chuqur
qismlariga kirib borishi, alveolyar to‘siq orqali tizimli qon aylanishiga o‘tishi va
gematoensefalik to‘siq faoliyatiga ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Tamaki tutuni esa nikotin,
karbon monoksid, politsiklik aromatik uglevodorodlar, aldehidlar va ko‘plab
oksidlovchi birikmalarni o‘z ichiga olgan murakkab aerozol hisoblanadi. Har ikkala
ekspozitsiya turi markaziy asab tizimida oksidlovchi stress, neyroinflammasiya,
mikrosirkulyatsiya buzilishi, mitoxondrial disfunksiya va neyronlarning degenerativ
o‘zgarishlarini yuzaga keltirishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada PM2.5 va tamaki
tutunining surunkali inhalyatsion ta’siri natijasida bosh miya po‘stlog‘ida
rivojlanadigan morfologik o‘zgarishlarning asosiy mexanizmlari, gistologik belgilari
va ularning patomorfologik ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Bosh miya po‘stlog‘ida
neyronlarning shishishi, tigroliz, piknoz, perinuklear vakuolizatsiya, neyronlar
sonining kamayishi, gliya hujayralari proliferatsiyasi, perivaskulyar shish va
mikrosirkulyator o‘zgarishlar asosiy morfologik belgilar sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Mazkur o‘zgarishlarni erta aniqlash ekologik va maishiy inhalyatsion toksik
ta’sirlarning neyrodegenerativ oqibatlarini baholashda muhim ahamiyatga ega.
References
1. World Health Organization. WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate
Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and
Carbon Monoxide. Geneva: WHO; 2021.
2. World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic.
Geneva: WHO; 2023.
3. Block M.L., Calderón-Garcidueñas L. Air pollution: mechanisms of
neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends in Neurosciences. 2009;32(9):506–
516.
4. Calderón-Garcidueñas L., Franco-Lira M., Torres-Jardón R., et al. Pediatric
respiratory and systemic effects of chronic air pollution exposure. Environmental
Research.
5. Costa L.G., Cole T.B., Coburn J., et al. Neurotoxicity of traffic-related air
pollution. NeuroToxicology. 2015;49:133–139.
6. Power M.C., Weisskopf M.G., Alexeeff S.E., Coull B.A., Spiro A., Schwartz J.
Traffic-related air pollution and cognitive function in a cohort of older men.
Environmental Health Perspectives. 2011;119(5):682–687.
7. Peters R., Ee N., Peters J., et al. Air pollution and dementia: a systematic review.
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2019;70(S1):S145–S163.
8. Sahu S.K., Tiwari M., et al. Particulate matter and neurological health: mechanisms
of neurotoxicity. Environmental Research.
9. Block M.L., Zecca L., Hong J.S. Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the
molecular mechanisms. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2007;8:57–69.
10. Tang B.L. Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine.
11. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. 5th ed.
Oxford University Press; 2015.
12. Valko M., Leibfritz D., Moncol J., Cronin M.T.D., Mazur M., Telser J. Free
radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease.
International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2007;39:44–84.
13. Gligorovski S., Abbatt J.P.D., Artaxo P., et al. The environmental and health
impacts of atmospheric oxidation processes. Chemical Reviews. 2015;115:13013–
13054.
