POLITENESS FORMULAS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Keywords:
politeness formulas, English language, Uzbek language, face theory, politeness maxims.Abstract
This article presents a comparative study of politeness formulas in English and
Uzbek languages. Politeness is not only a linguistic category but also a social and
cultural phenomenon that reflects national values, interpersonal relationships, and
communication norms. The study is based on the theoretical frameworks of Brown and
Levinson's face theory and Leech's Politeness Principle. The main types of politeness
formulas examined include greetings, farewells, address forms, requests, apologies,
gratitude, compliments, congratulations, and condolences. The analysis shows that
English politeness strategies are mainly shaped by individualism and negative
politeness, while Uzbek politeness is more strongly influenced by collectivism, respect
for elders, and positive politeness. The article concludes that understanding these
differences is essential for intercultural communication, translation, and foreign
language teaching.
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