METHOD OF OPTIMIZING THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGIME OF AIR IN SOLAR GREENHOUSES
Keywords:
Solar greenhouse, microclimate optimization, temperature-humidity regime, thermal energy storage, phase change materials, computational fluid dynamics.Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for optimizing the microclimate—
specifically the coupled temperature and humidity regime—within solar greenhouses
(geliogreenhouses) operating under variable climatic conditions. Solar greenhouses
represent a sustainable pathway toward energy-efficient agriculture; however, their
performance is inherently bound to diurnal fluctuations of solar radiation, resulting in
extreme overheating during the day and critical chilling at night, alongside excessive
relative humidity (RH) that triggers fungal pathogens. This research develops a unified
mathematical model and an engineering framework combining Phase Change Material
(PCM) thermal energy storage, automated multi-stage ventilation, and localized
desiccant dehumidification. The microclimate parameters were simulated using
Computational Fluid Dynamics (FD) and validated against experimental data collected
from an autonomous solar greenhouse. The results indicate that the proposed
optimization method reduces nocturnal heating energy consumption by 42.5%, limits
daytime peak temperatures by 6.8°C, and maintains relative humidity within the
optimal 65–75% range for vegetable crops. The findings demonstrate that dynamic,
integrated control of latent and sensible heat fluxes can maximize agricultural yield
while eliminating reliance on fossil-fuel-based auxiliary heating systems.
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