DERMATOMIOZIT — YASHIRIN XAVFLI O‘SMANING ILK XABARCHISI SIFATIDA: PARANEOPLASTIK SINDROMNING KLINIK AHAMIYATI

Abstract

Abstract: Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by typical skin manifestations and, in many patients, proximal muscle weakness. In adults, especially around disease onset, dermatomyositis may be associated with an increased risk of an underlying malignancy. Cancer-associated dermatomyositis is commonly described as paraneoplastic dermatomyositis, and the risk is particularly relevant during the three-year period before and after the onset of myositis symptoms. This review summarizes the clinical relationship between dermatomyositis and occult cancer, the main risk factors, the role of myositis-specific autoantibodies, and current principles of malignancy screening. Particular attention is given to anti-TIF1-γ and anti-NXP2 antibodies, older age at disease onset, persistent disease activity, dysphagia, skin ulceration, and constitutional symptoms. Screening should be individualized according to age, sex, clinical presentation, antibody profile, local cancer epidemiology, and established population-based screening recommendations. A negative initial evaluation does not completely exclude malignancy; follow-up should be planned according to the patient’s risk category and clinical course. Dermatomyositis does not inevitably indicate cancer, and investigations should balance early detection with the harms of unnecessary testing. The article is a narrative review based on published literature and international recommendations.