TERMITLAR KOLONIYАSINING TUZILISHI VA HAYOT TARZI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: termitlar, koloniya, ijtimoiy hasharotlar, kasta, malika, qirol, ishchi termit, askar termit, nimfa, ko‘payish, feromon, sellyuloza, simbioz, termit uyasi.Abstract
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada termitlar (Blattodea: Isoptera) koloniyasining ijtimoiy tuzilishi, kastalar tizimi, ularning vazifalari, oziqlanishi, ko‘payishi, himoyalanishi, o‘zaro muloqoti va koloniya hayotini ta’minlovchi biologik mexanizmlar tahlil qilinadi. Termitlar yuqori darajada ijtimoiy hayot kechiruvchi hasharotlar bo‘lib, ularning koloniyasida mehnat taqsimoti aniq shakllangan. Koloniyaning asosiy a’zolari ko‘payuvchi individlar — qirol va malika, ishchi termitlar hamda askar termitlardan tashkil topadi. Ayrim turlarda asosiy ko‘payuvchilar nobud bo‘lganda yoki qarigandan so‘ng nimfa yoki ishchilardan ikkinchi darajali ko‘payuvchi individlar shakllanishi mumkin. Termitlarning koloniya ichidagi harakatlari kimyoviy signallar, mexanik ta’sirlar va ijtimoiy munosabatlar orqali muvofiqlashtiriladi. Maqolada termitlar koloniyasini “superorganizm” sifatida baholash imkoniyatlari ham muhokama qilinadi. Termitlarning tabiatda organik moddalar aylanishi, yog‘och va sellyulozaning parchalanishi hamda tuproq hosil bo‘lish jarayonlaridagi ekologik ahamiyatiga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.
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