DUNYODAGI GLOBAL EKOLOGIK MUAMMOLAR: ZAMONAVIY HOLATI, OQIBATLARI VA ULARNI BARTARAF ETISH YO‘LLARI
Keywords:
Kalit so‘zlar: global ekologik muammolar, iqlim o‘zgarishi, global isish, bioxilma-xillik, atmosfera, suv resurslari, yer degradatsiyasi, cho‘llanish, plastik ifloslanish, ekologik xavfsizlik, barqaror rivojlanish.Abstract
Аннотация: Mazkur maqolada hozirgi davrda insoniyat oldida turgan global ekologik muammolar, ularning kelib chiqish sabablari, atrof-muhitga va inson hayotiga ta’siri hamda ularni bartaraf etishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Global ekologik muammolar qatorida iqlim o‘zgarishi, global isish, atmosfera havosining ifloslanishi, suv resurslarining tanqisligi va ifloslanishi, biologik xilma-xillikning qisqarishi, o‘rmonlarning kamayishi, yer degradatsiyasi va cho‘llanish, okeanlarning ifloslanishi, plastik chiqindilarning ko‘payishi hamda tabiiy resurslardan haddan tashqari foydalanish masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan.
Tadqiqotda xalqaro tashkilotlar, jumladan, BMTning Atrof-muhit dasturi (UNEP), Iqlim o‘zgarishi bo‘yicha hukumatlararo ekspertlar guruhi (IPCC), Bioxilma-xillik va ekotizim xizmatlari bo‘yicha hukumatlararo ilmiy-siyosiy platforma (IPBES), Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (WHO) va YuNESKOning ilmiy hisobotlari hamda ilmiy adabiyotlardan foydalanildi. Tahlil natijalari global ekologik muammolar bir-biri bilan uzviy bog‘liq ekanligini va ularni alohida emas, balki yagona ekologik-ijtimoiy tizim doirasida hal qilish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.
Maqolada ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlash uchun qayta tiklanuvchi energiya manbalaridan foydalanish, tabiiy resurslarni tejash, aylanma iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish, ekotizimlarni tiklash, chiqindilarni kamaytirish va qayta ishlash, ekologik monitoringni takomillashtirish, ekologik ta’limni kuchaytirish hamda xalqaro hamkorlikni rivojlantirish zarurligi asoslangan.
References
PCC. (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
UNEP. (2024). Global Resources Outlook 2024: Bend the Trend – Pathways to a Liveable Planet as Resource Use Spikes. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
UNEP. (2024). Emissions Gap Report 2024. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.
IPBES. (2019). Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
Richardson, K., Steffen, W., Lucht, W., et al. (2023). Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries. Science Advances, 9(37).
Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., et al. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223).
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., et al. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society,
14(2).Díaz, S., Settele, J., Brondízio, E. S., et al. (2019). Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change. Science, 366(6471).
World Health Organization. (2024). Ambient (outdoor) air pollution. Geneva: WHO.
UNESCO. (2024). United Nations World Water Development Report 2024: Water for Prosperity and Peace. Paris:
UNESCO.United Nations. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations.UNFCCC. (2015). Paris Agreement. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.Convention on Biological Diversity. (2022). Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
UNCCD. (2018). Global Land Outlook. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
UNEP. (2019). Global Environment Outlook 6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People. United Nations Environment Programme. Folke, C., Biggs, R., Norström, A. V., Reyers, B., & Rockström, J. (2016). Social-ecological resilience and biosphere-based sustainability science. Ecology and Society, 21(3).
