ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ - Международный научный электронный журнал ISSN (р): 2181-3825 ISSN (е): 2181-3817 Журнал направлен на публикацию научных, методических, методических и художественных статей и диссертаций, связанных с областями науки.
RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARNING TA’LIMDAGI AYRIM KAMCHILIKLARI
Oxirgi yillarda raqamli texnologiyalar zamonaviy ta'limning ajralmas qismiga aylanib, o'qitish va o'rganish jarayonlarini takomillashtirish uchun yangi imkoniyatlar yaratmoqda. Biroq, ularning tez qo'llanilishi talabalarning farovonligi va akademik natijalariga ta'sir qiluvchi bir qator muhim kamchiliklarni ham aniqladi. Ushbu maqolada ta'lim muassasalarida raqamli vositalardan intensiv foydalanish bilan bog'liq salbiy oqibatlar ko'rib chiqiladi.
aqamli texnologiyalar; ta'lim; ekran vaqti; ko'zning zo'riqishi; ruhiy salomatlik; onlayn o'qish; akademik ko'rsatkichlar; raqamli chalg'ituvchi narsalar; ijtimoiy o'zaro ta'sir; ma'lumotlar maxfiyligi; kiberxavfsizlik.
O’QUVCHILARNING AQLIY QOBILIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODLARI
Maqolada o’quvchilarning aqliy qobiliyatini rivojlantirishning nazariy asoslari, zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlar hamda samarali metod va vositalar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, oliy ta’lim jarayonida o’quvchilarning mantiqiy fikrlashi, ijodkorligi, mustaqil qaror qabul qilish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish yo‘llari yoritiladi.
aqliy qobiliyat, tafakkur, kreativlik, tanqidiy fikrlash, mustaqil ta’lim, interfaol metodlar, motivatsiya.
TRIGONOMETRIK TENGLAMALARNI YECHISHDA QO’LLANILADIGAN AYRIM XOSSALAR
Maqolada trigonometrik tenglamalarni yechishda e’tiborga olinadigan asosiy xossalar, ularning matematik tahlili hamda amaliy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Trigonometrik tenglamalar matematikaning muhim bo‘limi bo‘lib, ularning to‘g‘ri yechimi uchun sinus, kosinus, tangens va kotangens funksiyalarining asosiy xossalarini chuqur bilish talab etiladi. Maqolada trigonometrik funksiyalarning davriyligi, pariteti, monotonligi, teskari funksiyalari va ularni qo‘llashning samarali usullari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, o‘quvchilarda mantiqiy fikrlashni rivojlantirish, masalalarni mustaqil yechish va analitik yondashuvni shakllantirishga xizmat qiluvchi metodik tavsiyalar keltirilgan.
Trigonometrik tenglamalar, sinus, kosinus, tangens, kotangens, davriylik, xossa, matematik tahlil, yechim, mantiqiy fikrlash, o‘qitish metodikasi.
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ МОЛОДЫХ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ СРЕДЫ
в статье рассматриваются психологические особенности профессиональной адаптации молодых специалистов в условиях современной корпоративной среды. Обосновывается, что успешность профессиональной адаптации определяется не только уровнем профессиональной подготовки выпускника, но и развитием личностных качеств, профессиональной мотивации, коммуникативных компетенций, эмоциональной устойчивости и готовности к освоению корпоративной культуры организации. Анализируются основные психологические факторы, влияющие на процесс профессиональной адаптации, включая профессиональную идентичность, организационную социализацию, наставничество и психологическую поддержку. Особое внимание уделяется роли корпоративной культуры в формировании благоприятных условий для профессионального становления молодых специалистов. Сделан вывод о необходимости комплексной психологической подготовки студентов к профессиональной деятельности еще на этапе обучения в высшем учебном заведении.
профессиональная адаптация, молодые специалисты, корпоративная психология, организационная культура, профессиональная идентичность, профессиональная организационная социализация.
AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAINFALL AND IRRIGATED SHALE SOILS
The article presents the agrochemical composition, nutrient distribution dynamics and fertility properties of protected and irrigated gray soils. The amounts of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the genetic layers of protected and irrigated light, typical and dark gray soils are determined and their differences are revealed. At the same time, the dynamics of nutrients in soil layers is revealed through geochemical spectra.
irrigated gray soil, nutrients, migration, geochemical spectrum.
JONTEMIR JONDOR SHE'RLARIDA TABIAT OBRAZLARINING LINGVOPOETIK TALQINI
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy o‘zbek she’riyatining iste’dodli vakillaridan biri Jontemir Jondor she’rlarida tabiat obrazlarining lingvopoetik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Shoir ijodida tabiat unsurlarining badiiy-estetik vazifasi, ularning ramziy ma’nolari, til birliklari orqali ifodalanish usullari hamda poetik tafakkurdagi o‘rni yoritiladi. Tahlil davomida metafora, epitet, personifikatsiya va ramziy ifoda vositalarining qo‘llanishi misollar asosida izohlanadi.
Jontemir Jondor, she’riyat, tabiat obrazi, lingvopoetika, metafora, ramz, badiiy til, poetik tasvir.
GEOCHEMICAL PROBLEMS IN IRRIGATED SOILS OF CENTRAL FERGANA
The article analyzes the biogeochemical problems of irrigated soils with varying degrees of salinity. In particular, the composition, structure, and geochemical properties of biogeochemical barriers formed as a result of the formation of arable horny and horny-arable layers in irrigated meadow sedge soils in the Central Fergana region are extensively covered.
barrier, arzic-horny, migration, accumulation, pedolite, ecological.
AROMACHOKO: UNRAVELING THE OLFACTORY AND GUSTATORY COMPLEXITIES OF CHOCOLATE FLAVOR PERCEPTION
Chocolate, a universally cherished confection, owes its appeal to an intricate interplay of aroma and taste compounds. Despite extensive research into individual flavor components, the holistic perception and consumer preference driven by the 'AromaChoko' experience remain underexplored. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the key volatile and non-volatile compounds contributing to chocolate's aroma and taste, and to correlate these chemical profiles with sensory perception and consumer hedonic ratings.
chocolate flavor, aroma compounds, gustatory perception, GC-MS, HPLC, sensory analysis, consumer preference
BO‘LAJAK TIBBIYOT XODIMLARI UCHUN SIMULYATSIYAGA ASOSLANGAN INGLIZ TILI O‘QITISH: KLINIK MULOQOT KOMPETENSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
The study examines the effectiveness of simulation-based English language teaching in developing professional communication skills among medical students. Simulation technologies, including role-playing, standardized patient interactions, and virtual clinical scenarios, were integrated into English for Medical Purposes (EMP) classes. A quasi-experimental design involving control and experimental groups was employed to evaluate improvements in speaking, listening, medical terminology acquisition, and clinical communication. The findings demonstrate that simulation based instruction significantly enhances students’ communicative competence, confidence, and readiness for real clinical practice.
simulation-based learning, medical English, English for Medical Purposes, communication skills, medical education, standardized patients.
O‘SIMLIK MOYLARINING TARKIBI VA FIZIK-KIMYOVIY XOSSALARINING TIBBIY HAMDA FARMATSEVTIK AHAMIYATI
O‘simlik moylari oziq-ovqat, farmatsevtika va kosmetika sanoatida keng qo‘llaniladigan biologik faol moddalar manbai hisoblanadi. Ularning tarkibini asosan triglitseridlar tashkil etadi, biroq fosfolipidlar, fitosterollar, tokoferollar, pigmentlar va erkin yog‘ kislotalari ham biologik faollikka sezilarli hissa qo‘shadi. Mazkur tadqiqotda o‘simlik moylarining kimyoviy tarkibi, fizik-kimyoviy ko‘rsatkichlari hamda biologik ahamiyati ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tizimli tahlil qilindi.
o‘simlik moyi, triglitserid, yog‘ kislotasi, fitosterol, tokoferol, fosfolipid.
TARIXIY ROMAN JANRIDA TARIXGA MUNOSABAT VA BADIIY TALQINDAGI YANGILANISHLAR
Ushbu maqola tarixiy roman janrining o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari va uning tarixiy taraqqiyot bosqichlarini tahlil qiladi. Tarixiy roman janrning evropa va o‘zbek adabiyotidagi o‘ziga xos asarlari tahlil qilingan, o‘xshash va farqli jihatlari xususida so‘z yuritilgan. O‘zbek adabiyotida, xususan Pirimqul Qodirov, Abdulla Oripov ijodida bu janrning milliy talqiniga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari tarixiy romanning adabiyotdagi muhim o‘rni va uning zamonaviy rivojlanish yo‘nalishlarini ko‘rsatadi.
tarixiy roman, Pirimqul Qodirov, Abdulla Oripov, Ibrohim Mirzayev, Bahodir Ermatov, Amir Temur, yevropa nasri, o‘zbek adabiyoti.
ISSUES OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC VOCAL ART AND MODERN PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGY
This article analyzes the stages of historical formation of academic vocal art in European and Uzbek musical culture, as well as the fundamental principles of modern performance technique. Performance components such as the respiratory system, resonance, articulation, and dynamic expressiveness are covered from a scientific and methodological perspective. The article is intended for educators, performers, and researchers working in the field of academic vocal performance.
academic vocal, bel canto, voice education, breathing technique, resonance, performing arts, vocal pedagogy.
FROM CALL TO MALL: TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF MOBILE BASED VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING
The use of technology in second language vocabulary instruction has moved through several distinct paradigms over the past six decades, from early computer assisted drills to today’s mobile applications capable of delivering personalized, spaced, and context-aware vocabulary practice. This review traces that trajectory, situating the historical phases of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) identified by Warschauer (1996) and reconceptualized by Bax (2003) alongside the emergence of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) as a distinct field with its own theoretical concerns around mobility, personalization, and the blurring of formal and informal learning contexts (Kukulska-Hulme, 2009; Kukulska-Hulme & Shield, 2008). Particular attention is given to vocabulary instruction specifically, an area where the shift from desktop-based CALL to mobile-based MALL has been both theoretically significant and empirically mixed, given early findings that mobile platforms did not consistently outperform desktop computers for vocabulary tasks (Stockwell, 2007, 2010). The review concludes by identifying persistent gaps in the literature, including the need for more classroom-based, non-Western, and secondary level research on mobile vocabulary instruction, and reflects on where the field appears to be heading as applications mature beyond simple digitized flashcards.
CALL, MALL, vocabulary instruction, mobile-assisted language learning, English language teaching, literature review
‘‘HUQUQIY ONG VA HUQUQIY MADANIYATNI YUKSALTIRISH DAVR TALABI’’
Ushbu maqolada huquqiy davlat qurishda huquqiy ong va huquqiy madaniyatning o`rni kattaligi va buning uchun avvalo har bir shaxsning huquqiy immunitetini, huquqiy savodxonlik darajasini yaxshilash masalalari yoritib o`tilgan.
davlat, huquq, qonun, huquqiy ong, huquqiy madaniyat, partiya, shaxs, farmon, jamiyat, demokratiya, siyosat, norma.
КОЛОРИСТИКА И ЗВУКОВОЙ МИР НЕКРАСОВСКОЙ ДОРОГИ КАК СРЕДСТВА РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ НАРОДНОЙ ДОЛИ
В статье исследуется художественная функция колористических и звуковых образов в репрезентации мотива дороги в поэзии Н. А. Некрасова. Особое внимание уделяется анализу цветовой символики, акустических образов и их взаимодействия в создании художественной картины народной жизни. Рассматриваются произведения «Железная дорога», «В дороге», «Размышления у парадного подъезда», «Кому на Руси жить хорошо», «Несжатая полоса» и другие. Доказывается, что цвет и звук формируют единую художественную систему, посредством которой раскрываются социальная трагедия русского крестьянства, историческая память народа и национальное мировосприятие. Использование комплексного литературоведческого анализа позволяет выявить особенности авторской поэтики и определить место мотива дороги в художественной системе Некрасова.
Н. А. Некрасов, мотив дороги, колористика, звукопись, символика, художественный образ, народная доля, поэтика, хронотоп дороги.
INTEGRRATING TECHNOLOGY IN EFL CLASSROOMS: A COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNER ENGAGEMENT AND PROFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT.
This article examines the integration of technology, and specifically Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) tools, into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, with a focus on its effect on learner engagement and linguistic proficiency. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the study compared two groups of intermediate EFL learners over a ten-week instructional period: one taught through a technology-integrated syllabus incorporating multimedia resources, mobile-assisted language-learning applications, and online collaborative platforms, and another instructed through conventional textbook-based methods. Data were gathered through pre- and post-tests measuring vocabulary retention and speaking fluency, supplemented by a learner engagement questionnaire administered at the close of the study. Findings indicate that the technology-integrated group demonstrated measurably higher gains in both vocabulary retention and oral fluency, alongside elevated self-reported engagement and motivation, when compared with the control group. These results substantiate the pedagogical value of deliberately and purposefully integrated technology, suggesting that CALL tools, when aligned with clear instructional objectives rather than deployed for novelty alone, can meaningfully enhance both linguistic outcomes and classroom dynamics. Implications for curriculum design and teacher training are discussed, alongside limitations that warrant a cautious interpretation of the findings.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning, EFL classroom, learner engagement, technology integration, language proficiency
XOTIN-QIZLAR VA ERKAKLARNING TENG HUQUQLILIGINING KONSTITUTSIAVIY-HUQUQIY KAFOLATLARI
Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida xotin-qizlar va erkaklarning teng huquqliligini taʼminlashning konstitutsiaviy-huquqiy asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasining tegishli moddalari, gender tengligi sohasidagi milliy qonunchilik, xalqaro huquqiy hujjatlar hamda ushbu sohada erishilgan amaliy natijalar va mavjud muammolar koʻrib chiqiladi.
gender tenglik, konstitutsiyaviy kafolat, xotin-qizlar huquqi, teng huquqlilik, inson huquqlari, qonunchilik.
OʻZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARIDA MAISHIY LEKSIKANING SHAKL VA MAʼNO MUNOSABATIGA KOʻRA TURLARI (sinonimiya, polisemiya, omonimiya, antonimiya)
Maqolada oʻzbek va ingliz tillaridagi maishiy leksika doirasida kuzatiladigan shakl va maʼno munosabatlari - sinonimiya, polisemiya, omonimiya hamda antonimiya - chogʻishtirma aspektda tahlil qilinadi.
maishiy leksika, sinonimiya, polisemiya, omonimiya, antonimiya, leksik-semantik munosabat, oʻzlashma qatlam, chogʻishtirma tahlil, semema
O‘ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILIDAGI ERGONIMLARNING CHOG‘ISHTIRMA TAHLILI
Ushbu maqolada ergonimlar, ya’ni tijorat va biznes sohasida qo‘llanilgan o‘ziga xos nomlarning lingvistik tabiati tadqiq etiladi. Ergonimlar atoqli otlar, metaforalar va madaniy ramzlar asosida shakllanadi, shu sababli ularning tillar o‘rtasidagi tarjimasi muhim masalalardan biri hisoblanadi. Maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillarida mavjud ergonimlarning struktur xususiyatlari, semantik va pragmatik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi.
rgonimlar, tijorat nomlari, lingvistika, semantika, pragmatika, tarjima, madaniyat, nominatsiya.
ALLYUZIYA VA IQTIBOS (CITATION) HODISALARINING DIFFERENSIAL BELGILARI (ingliz va oʻzbek adabiyoti matnlari asosida)
Ushbu maqolada matnlararo munosabatlarni shakllantiruvchi asosiy vositalar allyuziya va iqtibos hodisalarining lingvopoetik va differensial belgilari ingliz va o‘zbek adabiyoti namunalari asosida qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda har ikki hodisaning matndagi funksional - semantik tabiati, muallif maqsadini ifodalashdagi o‘rni hamda ularni bir - biridan ajratib turuvchi strukturaviy va kognitiv mezonlar aniqlangan.
intertekstualitet, allyuziya, iqtibos, differensial belgi, lingvopoetika, ingliz adabiyoti, o‘zbek adabiyoti.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ РАКА ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ
Рак шейки матки остается одной из ведущих причин смертности среди женщин, несмотря на значительные успехи в медицине. Данная статья посвящена всестороннему анализу современных методов ранней диагностики и эффективной профилактики этого заболевания. Рассматриваются инновационные подходы, включающие усовершенствованные цитологические и молекулярные тесты на вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ), а также роль новых биомаркеров. Особое внимание уделяется стратегиям первичной и вторичной профилактики, включая программы вакцинации против ВПЧ и оптимизацию скрининговых программ. Целью является повышение эффективности выявления предраковых состояний и снижение заболеваемости и смертности от рака шейки матки.
Рак шейки матки, Ранняя диагностика, Профилактика, ВПЧ-скрининг, Вакцинация, Молекулярные методы, Цитология, Кольпоскопия
DEVOPS JARAYONLARIDA KONTEYNERLASHTIRISH TEXNOLOGIYALARI: DOCKER VA KUBERNETES TAHLILI
Zamonaviy dasturiy ta’minot ishlab chiqish sohasida DevOps metodologiyasi ishlab chiqish (Development) va operatsion (Operations) jarayonlarni birlashtirib, mahsulotni tezroq va sifatliroq yetkazib berishni ta’minlaydi. Dasturiy ta’minot ishlab chiqish jarayanonida barcha jamoalarni birlashtira olgan DevOps metodologiyasi nafaqat to‘g‘ri infrastruktura, balki dastur mahsulotining foydalanuvchanligini ham ta’minlashga qodir. Bu esa konteynerlashtirish jarayoni orqali amalga oshiriladi. Ushbu metodologiyaning muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirilishida konteynerlashtirish texnologiyalari, xususan Docker va Kubernetes, markaziy o‘rin tutadi. Dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqish metodologiyalari o'z rivojlanishida bir necha bosqichni bosib o'tdi: qattiy va chiziqli bosqichlardan iborat Waterfall (1970-y.), moslashuvchan qisqa sikllarga asoslangan Agile (2000-y.), ishlab chiqish va operatsion jarayonlarni avtomatlashtirish hamda integratsiyalash orqali birlashtirgan DevOps (2009-y.) va, nihoyat, xavfsizlikni butun jamoaning umumiy mas'uliyatiga
An’anaviy virtual mashinalarga nisbatan konteynerlar yengilroq bo‘lib, resurslarni tejamkorroq sarflaydi va ilovalarni bir necha soniyada ishga tushirish imkonini beradi. Docker ushbu konteynerlarni yaratish, saqlash va tarqatish uchun standart vosita sifatida sanoat standartiga aylandi. Docker orqali har bir jarayonni tashqi izolatsiyalab himoya qilish, boshqa konteynerlarga zarar yetganda kamchiliklarsiz ishlashda davom etishni ta’minlab bersa,
DEVELOPING THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH PREPOSITIONS TO A2-LEVEL LEARNERS THROUGH A COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
The communicative approach has become one of the most effective methods of teaching English as a foreign language because it emphasizes meaningful communication rather than the memorization of grammatical rules. This article examines effective ways of developing the teaching of English prepositions to A2 level learners through communicative language teaching. At this stage, students are expected to use English confidently in familiar situations; however, many of them experience difficulties in selecting and applying appropriate prepositions in spoken and written communication. The article discusses the importance of integrating grammar instruction with real-life communication, interactive classroom activities, pair and group work, role-playing tasks, visual learning materials, and technology assisted instruction. Furthermore, it highlights practical teaching strategies that help learners improve grammatical accuracy while developing fluency and communicative competence. The study concludes that communicative language teaching enables learners to understand the practical functions of prepositions and use them naturally in everyday communication.
communicative language teaching, English prepositions, A2 learners, grammar instruction, communicative competence, language acquisition, interactive learning, English as a foreign language, classroom communication, language skills.
A2 DARAJADAGI O'QUVCHILARGA INGLIZ TILI PREDLOGLARINI KOMMUNIKATIV YONDASHUV ASOSIDA O'QITISHNI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Mazkur maqolada A2 darajadagi o'quvchilarga ingliz tili predloglarini kommunikativ yondashuv asosida o'qitishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan. Predloglarni o'rgatishda o'quvchilarning nutqiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish, ularni real hayotiy vaziyatlarda erkin qo'llashga o'rgatish, interfaol metodlardan samarali foydalanish hamda zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarni dars jarayoniga tatbiq etish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, predloglarni o'qitishda uchraydigan muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish bo'yicha metodik tavsiyalar berilgan.
kommunikativ yondashuv, A2 daraja, ingliz tili, predloglar, nutqiy kompetensiya, interfaol metodlar, til o'qitish metodikasi, dialog, kommunikativ mashqlar, o'quv jarayoni.
POSTNATAL ONTOGENEZ DAVRIDA BOLALAR ICHAK MIKROBIOTASI SHAKLLANISHIDA OVQATLANISH TURINING ROLI VA AHAMIYATI (ADABIYOT SHARHI)
Ushbu maqolada postnatal ontogenezda bolalar ichak mikrobiotasining shakllanishiga ta’sir kórsatuvchi omillardan ovqatlanish turining muhim jihatlari va uning bola salomatligini saqlashdagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Bola hayotining dastlabki kunlaridan dinamik tarzda shakllanuvchi mikroekologiya kelajakda immun tizimi adaptatsiyasi, metabolizmni muvofiqlashtirish va markaziy asab tizimining rivojlanishi asosidir. Rivojlanayotgan mikrobiota tarkibining tug‘ruq usuliga, oziqlantirish turiga, gestatsion davriga, onaning salomatligi va homiladorlik davridagi holatiga, antibakterial terapiyaga va atrof-muhitning sanitariya-gigiyena sharoitlariga, geografik sharoitlarga bog‘liq ekanligini ko‘rsatadi. Shu bilan birga, maqolada ichak mikrobiotasining immun tizimi va modda almashinuviga ta’siri orqali bola salomatligini belgilashdagi vazifasi ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ichak mikrobiotasining shakllanish jarayonlarini chuqur o‘rganish zamonaviy pediatriyada profilaktika va davolashning samarali usullarini ishlab chiqish imkonini beradi.
postnatal davr, chaqaloq mikrobiotasi, ona suti, mikrobial kolonizatsiya, bakteriyalar.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS' LOGICAL AND CRITICAL THINKING THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
In today's rapidly changing world, students need more than factual knowledge to succeed. They must be able to analyze information, solve complex problems, make informed decisions, and think critically. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a student centered instructional approach that effectively develops logical and critical thinking by engaging learners in solving authentic, real-world problems. This paper explores the concept of PBL, its principles, benefits, implementation strategies, and its impact on students' cognitive development.
Problem-Based Learning, critical thinking, logical thinking, student-centered learning, problem-solving, higher-order thinking skills, creativity, teaching.
RIVOJLANAYOTGAN MAMLAKATLAR EKSPORTINING NAZARIY ASOSLARI
Mazkur maqolada rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar eksportining nazariy asoslari, eksport faoliyatining iqtisodiy o‘sish va milliy iqtisodiyot raqobatbardoshligini oshirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, xalqaro savdo nazariyalari, jumladan, mutlaq va nisbiy ustunlik nazariyalari, omillar bilan ta’minlanganlik konsepsiyasi hamda zamonaviy eksportni rivojlantirish yondashuvlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarning eksport salohiyatini oshirishga ta’sir etuvchi omillar va ularning jahon bozoridagi integratsiyalashuv jarayonlari ilmiy jihatdan yoritilgan.
rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar, eksport, xalqaro savdo, mutlaq ustunlik nazariyasi, nisbiy ustunlik nazariyasi, eksport salohiyati, raqobatbardoshlik, iqtisodiy o‘sish, tashqi savdo, jahon bozori.
RAHBARLARNING KASBIY MAS'ULIYATINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING KONSEPTUAL MODELI
Maqolada oliy ta'lim muassasalari rahbarlarining kasbiy mas'uliyatini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan konseptual model ishlab chiqilgan. Model nazariy tahlil, ekspert so‘rovi va muallif tomonidan o‘tkazilgan empirik kuzatuvlar asosida shakllantirilgan. Modelning har bir bosqichi kasbiy mas'uliyatning shakllanish mexanizmlarini, rivojlanish bosqichlarini va baholash mezonlarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Maqolada modelning struktur-funksional tavsifi, uni amalga oshirish mexanizmlari va sinov natijalari keltirilgan.
kasbiy mas'uliyat, konseptual model, rahbarlik faoliyati, kasbiy rivojlanish, oliy ta'lim menejmenti, struktur-funksional yondashuv, diagnostik tahlil.
ARTICLE FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN THE SECTORS OF (RENEWABLE) ENERGY, BIODIVERSITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE.
As soon as possible Uzbekistan will also launch SEA-strategic environmental assessment like Canada, Australia and others. What is SEA and who or which governmental body conducts the SEA in term of efficiency and why we need SEA for Uzbekistan’s long term strategic plans and society prosperity. SEA is such a tool that leads to the sustainability while combining environmental dimension with socioeconomic dimensions. Also, it is long term and type of general impact assessment that takes into considerations of natural resources, ecosystem, biodiversity, renewable energy and etc.
impact assessment, Policy, Plan, Program-PPP, SEA-Strategic environmental assessment, environmental and socioeconomic impacts, components, biodiversity, fossil fuels, renewable energy, climate change, ecosystem.
ГЕМИН КАК БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ КРИТЕРИЙ ПРИЖИЗНЕННОСТИ ТРАВМАТИЧЕСКИХ КРОВОИЗЛИЯНИЙ
Проведено исследование диагностической значимости гемина как биохимического критерия прижизненности травматических кровоизлияний. Материалом исследования послужили образцы ткани поджелудочной железы, полученные при судебно-медицинском исследовании 60 трупов лиц, умерших от травматических повреждений. Определение гемина выполняли методом тонкослойной хроматографии. Установлено, что средняя концентрация гемина при прижизненных кровоизлияниях составила 12,7 ± 0,9 мкг/г ткани, тогда как в контрольной группе – 4,3 ± 0,6 мкг/г (p < 0,01). Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о высокой диагностической информативности количественного определения гемина и позволяют рассматривать его как объективный биохимический критерий при установлении прижизненности травматических кровоизлияний в судебно-медицинской практике.
судебно-медицинская экспертиза, прижизненность повреждений, травматические кровоизлияния, гемин, биохимические критерии, тонкослойная хроматография, судебно-медицинская диагностика.