COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN FAMILIES USING WELL AND IRRIGATION WATER

Abstract

Early childhood caries (ECC) remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting preschool children worldwide. The incidence of ECC is particularly influenced by environmental, socioeconomic, behavioral, and nutritional factors. In rural areas where families primarily use well and irrigation water for drinking and household purposes, the mineral composition of water, especially fluoride concentration, may vary considerably and influence the susceptibility of primary teeth to caries. Insufficient fluoride levels reduce enamel resistance, whereas excessive fluoride may increase the risk of dental fluorosis. Therefore, preventive strategies should be developed according to the characteristics of local water sources.

Comprehensive prevention of early childhood caries requires the integration of community-based preventive programs, parental education, dietary counseling, oral hygiene instruction, fluoride-based preventive measures, and regular dental examinations. Pediatricians, dentists, family physicians, and public health specialists should collaborate to establish effective preventive systems beginning during pregnancy and continuing throughout early childhood.

This review summarizes current scientific evidence regarding comprehensive prevention of ECC in families using well and irrigation water and discusses modern preventive strategies applicable to rural populations.